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Stephen R Bown - 1494; How a Family Feud in Medieval Spain Divided the World in Half (mobi)

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 "This is a starry love story, a tale of seething jealousies and subterfuge, a political imbroglio, and religious
cruelties. It sounds like Shakespeare and it could have very well been the plot of one of his plays." --Toronto StarIn
1494, award-winning author Stephen R. Bown tells the untold story of the explosive feud between monarchs, clergy, and
explorers that split the globe between Spain and Portugal and made the world's oceans a battleground.When Columbus
triumphantly returned from America to Spain in 1493, his discoveries inflamed an already-smouldering conflict between
Spain's renowned monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, and Portugal's João II. Which nation was to control the world's
oceans? To quell the argument, Pope Alexander VI—the notorious Rodrigo Borgia—issued a proclamation laying
the foundation for the Treaty of Tordesillas of 1494, an edict that created an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean
dividing the entire known (and unknown) world between Spain and Portugal. Just as the world's oceans were about to be
opened by Columbus's epochal voyage, the treaty sought to limit the seas to these two favored Catholic nations. The
edict was to have a profound influence on world history: it propelled Spain and Portugal to superpower status, steered
many other European nations on a collision course, and became the central grievance in two centuries of international
espionage, piracy, and warfare. The treaty also began the fight for "the freedom of the seas"—the epic struggle
to determine whether the world's oceans, and thus global commerce, would be controlled by the decree of an autocrat or
be open to the ships of any nation—a distinctly modern notion, championed in the early seventeenth century by the
Dutch legal theorist Hugo Grotius, whose arguments became the foundation of international law.At the heart of one of the
greatest international diplomatic and political agreements of the last five centuries were the strained relationships
and passions of a handful of powerful individuals. They were linked by a shared history, mutual animosity, and personal
obligations—quarrels, rivalries, and hatreds that dated back decades. Yet the struggle ultimately stemmed from a
young woman's determination to defy tradition and the king, and to choose her own husband. 
  
  
 Genre:
History
   						

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